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The Problem Of Juvenile Justice System - 1777 Words

Abstract Every process has room for improvement, but the juvenile justice system can be altered by adding in possible solutions of what can be done to help this problem in American society. About 100 years ago, juveniles were always tried as adults. Now, that the government has altered the system for the better, the government knows that trying juveniles as adults is not always justified. It depends on the crime, but the majority of the time, juveniles are often always tried as juveniles, based solely on their age. Not only that has changed; the process of juvenile justice has changed as well to better help the juveniles in the system. The rights of juveniles in the system have changed so that the children can improve their lives once they are out of the system. Even though the process has changed and the rights have improved for the juveniles, there are still many improvements to be made. Studies show that recidivism rates are in fact going down, but the rate can always be better so that juv eniles do not return to a life of crime. Juvenile Justice in Contemporary America Juvenile delinquency has been a problem in the United States ever since it has been able to be documented. From 100 years ago to now, the process of juvenile delinquency has changed dramatically; from the way juveniles are tried, to the way that they are released back into society, so that they do not return back to the justice system (Scott and Steinberg, 2008). Saying this, juveniles tend toShow MoreRelatedA Letter to the Governor about Problems with the Juvenile Justice System571 Words   |  2 Pageswriting in regards to your proposition to allow those who are over the age of 17 to petition to be tried in juvenile court under specific circumstances. I find this bill favorable and hope that it passes into law. Currently, a large percentage of those that are incarcerated suffer from some sort of mental illness. These inmates often fall through the cracks of preexisting mental health systems. According to a guide released by the National Alliance on Mental Illness (1993): A sample of 1400 NAMIRead MoreAnalysis Of The Cycle Of Juvenile Justice1342 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: CYCLE JUVENILE JUSTICE​ ​1 Analysis of the Cycle of Juvenile Justice Theory Name School ​​ Professor Class Date Analysis of the Cycle of Juvenile Justice Theory ​In the text, Thomas Bernard examines the cyclical nature of the juvenile justice system (Weisheit Culbertson, 2000, p. 13-31). The author posits that the implementation of juvenile justice is constantly swinging from one extreme to the other based, largely, on the public’s perceptionRead MoreChallenges for the Juvenile Justice System1067 Words   |  5 PagesChallenges for the Juvenile Justice System It has been one hundred years since the creation of the juvenile court in the United States. The court and the juvenile justice system has made some positive changes in the lives of millions of young people lives over the course or those years, within the last thirteen years there has been some daunting challenges in the system. According to Bartollas Miller (2008) the challenges and unique issues the juvenile justice system face in the 21stRead MoreGrant Proposal. Second Chance Act Smart On Juvenile Justice:956 Words   |  4 PagesSecond chance Act Smart on Juvenile Justice: Community Supervision Reform Program I. Statement of the Problem: The North Carolina Department of Public Safety (Division of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention) is requesting funds to provide juveniles a second chance through a community supervision reform program. The Department’s goal for requesting these funds is to reduce the number of juveniles currently on probation. As of 2013, there were over 383,600 juveniles on probation. This programRead MoreJuvenile Court Essay1138 Words   |  5 PagesThe first juvenile court was established in Illinois in 1899. In the late 18th century children as young as seven could stand trial in criminal court and could be sentenced to prison or death. The perception of children was later changed and they were viewed as persons with undeveloped moral and cognitive capacities. This allowed the state of Illinois to intervene in the lives of children providing protection and care or supervision. The mission to help children in trouble was clearly stated in theRead MoreFuture of the Juvenile Justice System1280 Words   |  6 PagesFuture of the Juvenile Justice System The future of the juvenile justice system is uncertain. There is a struggle to try a find a way to serve the needs of the juvenile delinquents and issue them a punishment for violating the law. In order to improve the direction of the juvenile justice system, recommendations are needed regarding community involvement, law enforcement, courts, corrections, and the private sector. These recommendations address issues that the system is currently facing and offersRead MoreJuvenile Justice: An Increasingly Complex Problem in our Society1042 Words   |  5 Pages‘Juvenile Justice is an increasingly complex problem in our society’ Table of Contents: Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Legislation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Juveniles and the Law†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 Trends†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 Analysis of Law†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Appendix A†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 Appendix B†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreBad Kids Race And The Transformation Of Juvenile Court1649 Words   |  7 PagesIn Bad Kids Race and the Transformation of Juvenile Court, Barry Feld provides a history as well as possible solutions to the problems that currently have a grapple hold on our juvenile justice system. Barry Feld is one of the nations most respected scholars of juvenile justice and currently teaches the subject, amongst other things, at the University of Minnesota. Feld himself graduated from law school at the University of Minnesota and later received his Ph.D. in sociology from Harvard. This book’sRead MoreJuvenile Crime And The Juvenile Justice System1278 Words   |  6 PagesBryn Conley November 7, 2014 Juvenile Crime and the Juvenile Justice System in North Carolina: Informative Speech Specific Purpose Statement To inform my audience about the seriousness of juvenile crime and the problems that North Carolina faces when dealing with underage offenders. Introduction I. According to the Annual Summary Report done by the North Carolina Department of Justice and the State Bureau of Investigation, in 2012, approximately 36,000 juveniles were arrested in the state of NorthRead MoreWorking As A Juvenile Supervision Officer For The Fort Bend County Juvenile Probation Department1350 Words   |  6 Pages Working as a Juvenile Supervision Officer for the Fort Bend County Juvenile Probation Department, I come in contact with a lot of juvenile offenders. What I have notice during my tenure is that the majority of the juveniles I see are minorities, African- American, Hispanic and Asian young men and women. According to The Sentencing Project, â€Å"In 2010, African Americans comprised 17 percent of all juveniles, but 31 percent of all arrests.† Do juveniles of color commit crimes and come in contact with

Public Speaking Free Essays

ADD 1102- PUBLIC SPEAKING (ASSIGNMENT 1) ASSIGNMENT ONE PROPSAL –FOR INFORMATIVE SPEECH ID-I07006815 Proposal For Speech on the Effects OF Holly Wood Movies On The Youths. I am going to give a speech on the Effects of Holly Wood Movies on the Youths. My purpose of this speech is to alert youths around the world to know the negativity of watching Holly Wood movies. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Speaking or any similar topic only for you Order Now My age bracket I call the youth in this presentation is from the age of 15 to the age of 25, 26 years old youths These are some of the negativity of watching Holly Wood Movies- * Violence This is one of the really important negativity of Holly Wood movies, Violence scenes are shown in Holly Wood movies, teaching the general public of violence and the youths are mostly the affected ones in this case, since they are still growing up, they can be easily influenced by these movies example of movies with violent contents are a. Scarface, Terminator series, etc Most of these movies contain scenes of killing, gangster way of living, using weapons, guns, knives, usually when young adults, youths see these movies they will follow and imitate their behavior, because they just think its cool. Eroticism Most Holly Wood movies have Erotic scenes, such as bareness and sex, many problems such as porno, coprology, canal’s and One-night love has emerged and became prevalent. Everybody knows that it is a moral backwardness of the society. It also leads to the growth of divorce rate. This makes the smallest cell of the society family insecure, displaced and transitory. This affec ts the youth they watch these erotic scenes and they see sexual scenes and as youths they want to try new things so they watch this movies and try to do or act what they see on the movies. This can lead to bad morals, and can lead to unwanted pregnancies, abortion etc. * Unrealistic contents Holly wood movies contain unrealistic contents, Hollywood is never going to show the public a real life situation from scene one to the final scene; this would not be creative, it would not sell, so they manipulate the story line and characters to make things more interesting to their way of thinking. So to make profit This affects the youths because they think life is that easy and fun fill and they follow what they see in these movies * Shows bad habits (Smoking) In a 1999 survey of more than 4,900 school children aged nine to fifteen in Vermont and New Hampshire, those who had been exposed to more incidents of smoking in the films they recalled seeing were much more likely to have tried smoking (even after adjusting for other factors associated with smoking and smoking initiation or experimentation). The kids were asked which of 50 movies from a randomly chosen list of recent movies they had seen,and only 4. 9 percent of kids who had seen zero to 50 incidences of smoking in the movies they had seen from that sample had tried smoking, compared to 13. percent who had seen 51 to 100 incidences of smoking, 22. 1 percent who had seen 101 to 150, and 31. 3 percent who had seen more than 150. In other words, those with the heaviest exposure to smoking through the movies they attended were more than two and a half times more likely to have tried smoking than those with the least exposure to smoking in movies. Conclusion I think Holly Wood movies are bad influences on the youths, thou it has good aspects too, like help people to know a little more about History and also can gain knowledge too in some aspects. I suggest the directors and producers of these Holly Wood Movies should try to change the theme of there movies and try to stop sending out the wrong message to the general public or try to make strict restrictions of some movies to some certain age of people cinemas should be more strict. Mostly reduce the sexual scenes, try to be more realistic and try not to send the wrong message across. Try restrictions of some movies to some certain age of people. I think this would help to reduce or help the youth and reduce all this wrong messages sent. Thank you. How to cite Public Speaking, Papers Public Speaking Free Essays OUTLINE FOR SPEAKING TO INFORM (SPEECHES ABOUT CONCEPTS) NAME| 😠 ZULAIKHA BINTI AHMAD ABDULLAH| SUBJECT – SUBJECT CODE| 😠 PUBLIC SPEAKING – UBE 2023| SEMESTER| 😠 4. 0| SESSION| 😠 2012/2013(2)| KULLIYYAH| 😠 KULLIYYAH SYARIAH UNDANG-UNDANG| TITLE| 😠 HEALTHY AND ACTIVE LIFESTYLE| PROGRAMME STRUCTURE / GROUP| 😠 ISMSY_SYA 7| OUTLINE FOR SPEAKING TO INFORM * Topic: Healthy and active lifestyle. * General purpose: To inform (speech about concepts). We will write a custom essay sample on Public Speaking or any similar topic only for you Order Now * Specific purpose: To inform my audient about healthy and active lifestyle. Central idea: There are three ways to be healthy and active lifestyle are take balance meal, sleep enough every day and importance of exercise to make human healthy and more active. Introduction I. The goal of my speech is to inform you about healthy and active lifestyle . Most of us hardly think healthy and active lifestyle is very importance but do we in healthy and active lifestyle. The definition of healthy and active lifestyle from oxford dictionaries healthy is in a good physical or mental condition, active meaning engaging or ready to engage in physically energetic pursuits and lifestyle is the way in which a person lives. II. A healthy lifestyle leaves you fit, energetic and reduced risk for disease, based on the choices you make about your daily habits. III. Developing a healthy lifestyle for children as early as possible is important, but it is never too late to make positive lifestyle changes. Good nutrition and plenty of physical activity can help prevent obesity and diabetes in children, as well provide a good foundation for muscle and bone development. Healthy children are more alert and have more energy. Healthy lifestyles for children start with the family, parents are role models and activities that families do together have a big impact on children. IV. Today I will introduce you to three ways to be healthy and active lifestyle are take balance meal, sleep enough every day and importance of exercise to make human healthy and more active. (Transition: Let’s start by looking at healthy and active lifestyle) Body I. Firstly, one big step to be healthy is taking a take balance meal. A. A healthy diet includes a variety of foods from the various food groups. A healthy diet includes at least 4. 5 cups of fruits and vegetables, 3 cups of dairy and 3 oz. of whole grains daily. Fish, poultry and vegetarian proteins should be eaten more often than red meat. Use unsaturated fats, such as olive or safflower oil, more than saturated fats for cooking, dressing and baking. A healthy diet also limits processed and fast foods high in added sugars, sodium and Tran’s fats. * ?†¦.. ? ? , ? )Al-Araf: 31) Translation from Al-Quran:   eat and drink but waste not by extravagance, certainly He (Allah) likes not  Al-Musrifun  (those who waste by extravagance). * We can refer the eating pyramided : B. A healthy diet can reduce risk for disease. Following a healthy, balanced diet can help you to maintain a healthy weight, lower your cholesterol and reduce your risk for disease. Choose high fiber, lower fat foods and 5-10 servings of fruit and vegetables every day. Balance your daily meals with foods from the four food groups described in  Canada’s Food Guide to Healthy Eating. * According to the latest study to investigate whether diet can r educe heart attack and  stroke  among those who are trying to avoid second or third events and are already taking medications to control blood pressure and  cholesterol. In the largest-ever of its kind, published in the journal  Circulation, a group of international researchers say  healthy eating  can have an added beneficial effect on the heart on top of the influence of heart-protecting medications. â€Å"We encourage everyone to eat healthy. But especially high-risk patients, we want them to know: Take your medication, but modify your diet as well,† says lead study author Mahshid Dehghan, a researcher at the Population Health Research Institute in Hamilton, ON, in  Canada, one of the centers involved in the study. Some people think that if medication lowers their blood pressure, healthy eating doesn’t matter. We want them to know that this is wrong,† she says C. Drink enough water is importance. Water is your body’s principal chemical component and makes up about 60 percent of your body weight. Every system in your body depends on water. For example, water flushes toxins out of vital organs, carries nutrients to your cells and provides a moist environment for ear, nose and throat tissues. * Everyone has heard the advice, â€Å"Drink eight 8-ounce glasses of water a day. † That is about 1. liters, which isn’t that different from the Institute of Medicine recommendations. Although the â€Å"8 by 8† rule isn’t supported by hard evidence, it remains popular because it’s easy to remember. Just keep in mind that the rule should be reframed as: â€Å"Drink at least eight 8-ounce glasses of fluid a day,† because all fluids count toward the daily total. * Every day you lose water through your breath, perspiration, urine and bowel movements. For your body to function properly, you must replenish its water supply by consuming beverages and foods that contain water. So how much fluid does the average, healthy adult living in a temperate climate need? The Institute of Medicine determined that an adequate intake (AI) for men is roughly 3 liters (about 13 cups) o f total beverages a day. The AI for women is 2. 2 liters (about 9 cups) of total beverages a day. (Transition: Let’s start by looking how much hours we need to sleep every night) II. Secondly, sleep enough every day. A. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends that most adults get about seven to eight hours of sleep each night. B. A good night’s sleep can actually leave you feeling positive and upbeat. * In fact people who suffer from regular sleep disturbances are three times more likely to experience low mood compared to people who sleep well, according to the Great British Sleep Survey, conducted by Sleepier, an organization dedicated to helping people sleep better. C. Sleep can make human more energy and fresh our body and mind. * Example: We face a lot of pressure and sleep can realize our tension and depression. (Transition: Lastly, let’s start by looking the importance of exercise to our healthy) III. Thirdly, importance of exercise to our healthy and more active. A. Exercise can reduce excess fats and toxics. * Examples: Jogging, playing badminton, running, walking is example of exercise. B. Regular daily exercise accelerates the body’s natural detoxification mechanisms. * Physical activity increases blood circulation throughout the body allowing important nutrients to effectively reach our cells, tissue, organs, and muscles. Lymph fluid (part of the immune system) will also circulate more efficiently increasing the body’s ability to kill pathogens and remove toxins. C. Exercise flushes metabolic waste and other harmful substances from our cells, and vital organs are cleansed. * Toxins can then be eliminated through the various bodily pathways. * Exercise can fit our body and can get ideal weight. Conclusion I. As we have seen, our responsible to take care our healthy. II. Most importance and valuable are healthy and active lifestyle. III. If we rich in property but we are not health , there are no use anymore. We can be healthy and active lifestyle ,say yes we can. How to cite Public Speaking, Papers Public Speaking Free Essays Vocabulary Learning Strategies There are numerous different classification systems for vocabulary learning strategies. Several common used are listed at the following. Gu and Johnson (1996) developed a classification of vocabulary learning strategies that are beliefs about vocabulary learning, metacognitive regulation, guessing strategies, dictionary strategies, note-taking strategies, memory strategies (rehearsal), memory strategies (encoding) and activation strategies. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Speaking or any similar topic only for you Order Now Schmitt (1997) took advantage of Rebecca Oxford’s (1990, p. 4) classification of learning strategies containing memory strategies, cognitive strategies, metacognitive strategies, and social strategies, and the Discover/Consolidation distinctions suggested by Cook and Mayer to propose an extensive taxonomy of vocabulary learning strategies. It can be divided into two classes. Five groups are included in these two classes. I. Strategies are used for the discovery of a new word’s meaning Determination strategies (DET): the strategies are used to discover a new word’s meaning without recourse to another’s expertise when learners don’t know a word. For instance, learners can use a dictionary, analyze any available pictures or gestures or guess meaning from textual context. Social strategies (SOC): the strategies are employed to ask someone who knows. Learners can ask teacher or classmates about information in a variety of ways, such as a synonym, paraphrase, or L1 translation of new word. II. Strategies are used for consolidating a word once it has been encountered Social strategies (SOC): they can also be employed to consolidate learned words by interacting with other people like studying and practicing meaning in a group. Memory strategies (MEM): the strategies (traditionally known as mnemonics) involve connecting the word to be retained with some previously learned knowledge, using some form of imagery, or grouping. A new word can be integrated into many kinds of existing knowledge (i. e. previous experiences or known words) or images can be custom-made for retrieval (i. e. images of the word’s form or meaning attributes). (1) Picture/imagery: Learners study new words with pictures of their meaning instead of definition. (2) Related words: New words can linked to L2 words that the student already knows. Usually this involves some type of sense relationship, such as coordination (blue – other kinds of color like red, purple or white), synonymy (beautiful-pretty), or antonym (dead-alive). (3) Unrelated words: Learners can also link words together that have no sense relationships. One way of doing this is with â€Å"peg† or â€Å"hook† words. One first memorizes a rhyme like â€Å"one is a bun, two is a shoe, three is a tree etc. † Then an image is created of the word to be remembered is chair, then an image is made of a bun (peg word) resting on a chair. Recitation of the rhyme draws up these images, which in turn prompt the target words. (4) Grouping: It is an important way to aid recall, and people seem to organize words into groups naturally without prompting. (5) Word’s orthographical or phonological form: It involves focusing on the target word’s orthographical or phonological form to facilitate recall. One can explicitly study the spelling or pronunciation of a word. Other options are to visualize the orthographical form of a word in an attempt to remember it, or to make a mental representation of the sound of a word, perhaps making use of rhyming words. The Keyword Method entails a learner finding a L1 word which sounds like the target L2 word, i. e. the English word cat for the Japanese word katana (sword). Then an image combing the two concepts is created, such as a samurai cat waving a sword. When the L2 word is later heard, the sound similarity invokes the created image which prompts the L2 word’s meaning. (6) Other memory strategies: There are other useful ways of consolidating its meaning, such as analyzing a word’s affixes, root, and word class. One way of increasing one’s vocabulary is to analyze and learn the individual words of these chunks, and then use the whole chunk (if it is transparent enough) as a mnemonic device for remembering the individual word meanings. In addition, the use of physical action can also facilitate language recall. Cognitive strategies (COG): The strategies are similar to memory strategies, but are not focused so specifically on manipulative mental processing. They include repetition and using mechanical means to study vocabulary. Another kind of cognitive strategy is using study aids. Taking notes in class invites learners to create their own personal structure for newly learned words, and also offers the chance for additional exposure during review. Metacognitive strategies (MET): Students used the strategies to control and evaluate their learning, behaving an overview of the learning process in general. Table 1 A Simple Taxonomy of Vocabulary Learning Strategies Vocabulary Learning Strategy (VLS)| 1. Strategies for the discovery of a new word’s meaning| 2. Strategies for consolidating a word once it has been encountered | Determination strategies (DET)| Social strategies (SOC)| Social strategies (SOC)| Memory strategies (MEM)| | Cognitive strategies (COG)| | Metacognitive strategies (MET)| Table 2 A Taxonomy of Vocabulary Learning Strategies (Schmitt, 1997, p. 207-8) Taxonomy of Schmitt’s Vocabulary Learning Strategies Strategy Group Strategies for discovering the meaning of a new word DET Analyze part of speech DET Analyze affixes and roots DET Check for L1 cognate DET Analyze any available pictures or gestures DET Guess from textual context DET Bilingual dictionary DET Monolingual dictionaries DET Word lists DET Flash cards SOC Ask teacher for L1 translation SOC Ask teacher for paraphrase or synonym of new word SOC Ask teacher for a sentence including the new word SOC Ask classmates for meaning SOC Discover new meaning through group work activity Strategies for consolidating a word once it has been encountered SOC Study and practice meaning in a group SOC Teacher checks students’ flash cards word lists for accuracy SOC Interact with native-speakers MEM Study word with a pictorial representation of its meaning MEM Image word’s meaning MEM Connect word to a personal experience MEM Associate the word with its coordinates MEM Connect the word to its synonyms and antonyms MEM Use semantic maps MEM Use ‘scales’ for gradable adjectives MEM Peg Method MEM Loci Method MEM Group words together to study them MEM Group words together spatially on a page MEM Use new word in sentences MEM Group words together within a storyline MEM Study the spelling of a word MEM Study the sound of a word Table 2 (continued) MEM Say new word aloud when studying MEM Image word form MEM Underline initial letter of the word MEM Configuration MEM Use Key word Method MEM Affixes and roots MEM Part of speech MEM Paraphrase the word’s meaning MEM Use cognates in study MEM Learn the words of idiom together MEM Use physical action when learning a word MEM Use semantic feature grids COG Verbal repetition COG Written repetition COG Word lists COG Flash cards COG Take notes in class COG Use the vocabulary section in your textbook COG Listen to tape of word lists COG Put English labels on physical objects COG Keep a vocabulary note book MET Use English-language media (songs, movies, newscast, etc. ) MET Testing oneself with word tests MET Use spaced word practice MET Skip or pass new word MET Continue to study over time How to cite Public Speaking, Papers

Business Communication Emotional Intelligence †Free Samples

Question: Discuss About The Business Communication Emotional Intelligence? Answer: Introduction Emotional intelligence is such intelligence which can be able to control self emotion and the emotion of others. This is a basic criterion for any leader as the leader has to work with his team. The control over the emotion of team members is the basic feature of the leadership quality which is depending upon different traits or features those are significance to prove efficient management of emotional intelligence(Deutschendrof, 2014). Five traits of emotional Intelligence Self Awareness Fundamental of emotional intelligence is derived with the virtue of assessing self emotion. This analysis is circulated with the awareness of self emotion with the trait of its cause with the subsequent reaction of self related to that. This article is on the subject of leadership trait on economy intelligence which is mainly connected with the subordinate and the leader. Hence, the first criterion of proving leadership through emotional intelligence is to be conscious with the needs of self awareness. The leaders have to grow the skill to manage their self emotions followed by allowing them for effective response to the demanding situations which come as the course of action. This trait allows the leaders to control their thought and emotion by judicious set of mind which can allow them to take right decision which fits suitable as per situation. It is being observed that uncontrolled emotion on the part of the leaders can only be responsible for severe damage to the interpersonal r elationship with subsequent creation enhanced mistrust within the team(Horrigan, 2011). Awareness of others Well equipped leaders always have higher level of awareness of emotional intelligence related to other team members. This feature is highlighted on the points of emotional awareness with cause of creation of those mental situations. This trait also features its influence on the team members on personal level with different state of mind. This trait is enabling the leader to conclude with right decision which is not shadowed with emotions, rather than more practical approaches by going to the basic of the issue with the cause of such condition which forces others to such reaction forced by emotion of others(Mindtools, 2016). Listening skills Listening to others is an important quality of a leader as leader has to take the decision to strategize for accomplishment of objectives. At the same time, the leader has to get the job done by his team. Hence, he has to be a patient listener, as listening to others can give him proper direction for fixation of strategies. Ultimately the leader has to get the job done by the team, and he should have the quality of patient hearing as this will give him the proud of good leader. This is related emotion of giving proper importance to the person who is speaking and this acknowledgment gives the person of properly heard. Even if the standard complaint of being given proper importance to the suggestions persists, people properly heard about their thought can make the situation more acceptable for the team. Patient hearing can connect the team members with the leader in deeper magnitude and this makes a leader more acceptable by the team(Gleeson, 2015). Awareness of emotional environment Efficient leaders are more concerned about the proceedings of the team members though individual communication. Through this step, they are in a position to understand the feelings and the mental condition of the work ambience. This quality can make the leader to be connected with the team members by identifying the factors which can influence the deliverance of the employees. There are different odd situations like losing job, sudden loss of colleagues through the incident of death or physical injury, spread out rumors of the financial disturbances in the organization and different other factors are prevailing in every work atmosphere which is instrumental to affect the emotional condition of the employees. To have the feeling of protection by the employees through their leader is the foundation of their dependency which can make the bonding between the leader and the team based upon increased level of loyalty, trust and deliverance from the team members. Hence, the quality of leade rship demands to make the leader tuned with the emotions of their workplace with effective communication to the team(Beard, 2012). Spontaneous ability to anticipate reaction of others and react accordingly Leaders with emotional intelligence proactively anticipate the reaction of the team members and reactReferences: instantly to avoid any subsequent damage which may cause due to unwanted situations like closure of business, anticipatory layoffs or any such events with responding to the team with upcoming events openly. To avoid any such situation of actual happening, the leaders normally depend upon their social and emotional skills to help the team members through the time of crisis(Deutschendrof, 2014). References: Beard, M., 2012. 5 Main Components of Emotional Intelligence. [Online] Available at: https://inspirebusinesssolutions.com/blog/5-main-components-of-emotional-intelligence [Accessed 17 August 2017]. Deutschendrof, H., 2014. 5 Crucial Emotional Intelligence Traits Of Highly Effective Leaders. [Online] Available at: https://www.fastcompany.com/3031708/5-crucial-emotional-intelligence-traits-of-highly-effective-leaders [Accessed 17 August 2017]. Gleeson, B., 2015. 5 Aspects of Emotional Intelligence Required for Effective Leadership. [Online] Available at: https://www.inc.com/brent-gleeson/5-aspects-of-emotional-intelligence-required-for-effective-leadership.html [Accessed 17 August 2017]. Horrigan, D., 2011. Characteristics of emotional intelligence. [Online] Available at Accounting : https://www.cio.com.au/article/391355/characteristics_emotional_intelligence/ [Accessed 17 August 2017]. Mindtools, 2016. Emotional Intelligence in Leadership. [Online] Available at: https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_45.htm [Accessed 17 August 2017].

The socioeconomic success of second generation immigrants

A great number of people come to the United States hoping that their children will have more opportunities in terms of education, employment, or healthcare. However, the socioeconomic achievements of second generation immigrants can differ dramatically.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The socioeconomic success of second generation immigrants specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, it is important to understand the factors that contribute to this inequality among the descendants of immigrants. Overall, one should focus on two determinants, in particular, the socioeconomic position of their parents and the attitude of the community toward a certain ethnic group or nationality. These circumstances can greatly affect the status of second generation immigrants, especially their economic welfare. First of all, when speaking about the socioeconomic class of parents, one should remember that this concept includes several elements. Special attention should be paid to such components as their education, income level, occupation, ability to access to healthcare services and so forth. Moreover, this status determines the expectations that parents set for their children. Each of these factors can significantly influence the socio-economic progress of second generation immigrants. For example, if first-generation immigrants belong to upper classes, they can help their children access to high-quality education. In turn, their descendants are more likely to become well-paid professionals. Additionally, people, who belong to upper classes, are seldom involved in criminal activities and they do not endanger the economic prosperity of their families. Thus, the influence of social class should not be disregarded. In this case, one can look at several examples. For instance, people, who came to the United States from Europe, belonged to middle classes, and they were better able to ensure the wellbeing of their c hildren. However, one cannot say the same thing about Hispanic Americans. Many of their parents were low-income and sometimes unskilled workers. These people were often unable to pay for the education of their children. This is one of the main factors that should be considered. Secondly, one should speak about different levels of ethnic and racial discrimination. In this case, one should focus on the attitude of the community toward a certain ethnic group or nationality. It can affect the welfare of second generation immigrants. Certainly, such biases and prejudices are not an official part of governmental policies, but they can affect the decisions of officials, policy-makers, or employers.Advertising Looking for essay on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, immigrants, who come from Mexico, can be perceived as non-white people, and they can be diversely affected by racial prejudices. Moreover, they are often viewed as a threat to the job security of workers. In turn, the immigrants, who come from Asia or Europe, do not face the same discrimination. They are more likely to receive the status of legal residents in the country. In turn, the legal status often determines the ability of a person to access education or healthcare services. Thus, the degree of discrimination can affect the social and economic progress of second-generation immigrants. On the whole, these examples indicate the welfare of second generation immigrants can depend on external factors such as the socioeconomic status of their parents and the level of ethnic or racial discrimination. Certainly, it is not possible to disregard the individual effort of these people, their attitudes or values. However, in many cases, social environment can be the most important determinant. The understanding of these factors is important for policy-makers and legislators of the country. This essay on The socioeconomic success of second generation immigrants was written and submitted by user Cuck00 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Exceptional Things That Great Teachers Do

Exceptional Things That Great Teachers Do All teachers are not created equal. Some are frankly better than others. It is a privilege and special opportunity when we have a great one. Great teachers go above and beyond to ensure that each child is successful. Many of us have had that one teacher that inspired us more than any other. Great teachers are able to bring the best out of every student. They are often energetic, fun, and seemingly always at the top of their game. Their students look forward to coming to their class each day. When students are promoted to the next grade, they are sad that they are leaving but armed with the skills necessary to be successful. Great teachers are rare. Many teachers are capable, but there are a select few who are willing to spend the time necessary to hone their skills enough to become great. They are innovators, communicators, and educators. They are compassionate, endearing, charming, and funny. They are creative, smart, and ambitious. They are passionate, personable, and proactive. They are dedicated, continuous learners who are gifted in their craft. They are in a sense the total teaching package. So what makes someone a great teacher? There is not a single answer. Instead, there are several exceptional things that great teachers do. Many teachers do a few of these things, but the great teachers consistently do them all. A Great Teacher Is Prepared:  Preparation takes a lot of time. Great teachers spend a lot of time outside of the school day preparing for each day. This often includes weekends. They also spend countless hours during the summer working to improve their craft. They prepare detailed lessons, activities, and centers each designed to maximize student learning opportunities. They create detailed lesson plans and often plan for more in a day than they typically can complete.Organized:  Being organized leads to efficiency. This allows great teachers minimal distractions and maximizes instructional time. Increasing instructional time will lead to an increase in academic success for students. Organization is about creating an efficient system to find resources and other materials quickly which a teacher needs. There are many different organizational styles. A great teacher finds the system that works for them and makes it better.A Continuous Learner:  They continuously read and apply the newest research i n their classroom. They are never satisfied whether they have taught for one year or twenty. They seek out professional development opportunities, research ideas online and subscribe to multiple teaching related newsletters. Great teachers are not afraid to ask other teachers what they are doing in their classrooms. They often take these ideas and experiment with them in their classroom. Adaptable: They recognize that each school day and each school year is different. What works for one student or one class may not work for the next. They continuously change things up to take advantage of individual strengths and weaknesses within a classroom. Great teachers are not afraid to scrap entire lessons and start back over with a new approach. They recognize when something is working and stick to it. When an approach is ineffective, they make the necessary changes.Constantly changing and never become stale: As trends change, they change with them. They grow each year they teach always improving across multiple areas. They are not the same teacher from year to year. Great teachers learn from their mistakes. They look to improve upon what has been successful and find something new to replace what has been not worked. They are not afraid to learn new strategies, technologies, or implement new curricula.Proactive:  Being proactive can stave off a lot of potential problems inc luding academic, discipline, or any other issue. It can prevent a small concern from turning into an enormous problem. Great teachers recognize potential problems immediately and work to fix them quickly. They understand that the time put into correcting a small problem is considerably less than it would be if it ballooned into something bigger. Once it becomes a large issue, it will almost always take away from valuable class time. Communicates:  Communication is a critical component of a successful teacher. They must be adept at communicating with several subgroups including students, parents, administrators, support personnel, and other teachers. Each of these subgroups must be communicated with differently, and great teachers are terrific at communicating with everyone. They are able to communicate so that every person understands the message they are trying to convey. Great teachers keep people informed. They explain concepts well and make people feel comfortable around them.Networks:  Networking has become a critical component of being a great teacher. It has also become easier. Social networks such as Google, Twitter, Facebook, and Pinterest allow teachers from all over the world to share ideas and provide best practices quickly. They also allow teachers to seek input and advice from other teachers. Networking provides a natural support system with those who share a similar passion. It provides great teachers with another means of learning and honing their craft. Inspires:  They are able to pull the best out of every student they teach. They inspire them to become better students, to maximize their time in the classroom, and to look towards the future. A great teacher takes an interest a student has and helps turn it into a passion making educational connections that will potentially last a lifetime. They understand that each student is different, and they embrace those differences. They teach their students that it is those differences that often make them exceptional.Compassionate:  They hurt when their students hurt and rejoice when their students rejoice. They understand that life happens and that the kids they teach do not control their home lives. Great teachers believe in second chances, but use mistakes to teach life lessons. They offer advice, counseling, and mentoring when necessary. Great teachers understand that school is sometimes the safest place a kid can be.Respected: Respect is earned over time. It does not come easy. Res pected teachers are able to maximize learning because they do not typically have classroom management issues. When they have an issue, they are dealt with quickly and in a respectable manner. They do not embarrass or berate the student. Great teachers understand you have to give respect before you earn respect. They are considerable and thoughtful to everyone but understand that there are occasions where they must stand their ground. Able to Make Learning Fun: They are unpredictable. They jump into character when reading a story, teach lessons with enthusiasm, take advantage of teachable moments, and provide dynamic, hands-on activities that students will remember. They tell stories to make real life connections. Great teachers incorporate student interests into their lessons. They are not afraid to do crazy things that motivate their students to learn.Going Above and Beyond:  They volunteer their own time to tutor a struggling student after school or on weekends. They help out in other areas around school when they are needed. A great teacher is the first to help a family of a student in need in any way they can. They advocate for the students when necessary. They look out for each student’s best interest. They do what it takes to ensure that each student is safe, healthy, clothed, and fed.Loving  What They Do:  They are passionate about their job. They enjoy getting up each morning and going to the ir classroom. They are excited about the opportunities they have. They like the challenges that each day presents. Great teachers always have a smile on their face. They rarely let their students know when something is bothering them because they worry it will affect them negatively. They are natural educators because they were born to be a teacher. Educating:  They not only teach students the required curriculum, but they also teach them life skills. They are in a constant state of teaching, taking advantage of impromptu opportunities that may captivate and inspire a particular student. They do not rely on a mainstream or boxed in approach to educate. They are able to take a variety of styles and mold them into their own unique style to meet the needs of the students that they have at any given time.

Having a Baby Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Having a Baby - Case Study Example Kathee's problems began with the anxiety of conception. The couple made numerous attempts at the old fashioned way. They tried timing the female cycle to no avail. They used a method called the lunar cycle that insists the woman is more fertile during the same lunar phase as her birth. In desperation they experimented with different positions that they had read about on the Internet. With no pregnancy they turned to the medical community for help. Acupuncture was inexpensive and painless but did not produce any results. A similar disappointment resulted from herbal aroma therapy. Kathee even endured the side effects of fertility drugs, but again no baby was produced. As a last desperate attempt, Kathee consented to invasive surgical techniques. Artificial insemination again yielded only disappointment. Gamete placement, a complicated medical procedure, resulted in only pain and mounting medical bills. As a last resort, Kathee tried in-vitro fertilization. After the years of attemptin g to conceive a child, the anxiety was temporarily lifted when the home pregnancy test read positive. Though the conception had been rough, the pregnancy would prove to be even more mired in anxiety. Kathee suffered from the routine sickness that all pregnant mothers-to-be are afflicted with. She had severe morning sickness. Insomnia kept her awake for endless days and nights. As the pregnancy progressed she found it harder and harder to breathe. In addition to these 'normal' symptoms, Kathee caught the flu in mid term. Her ultra high fever threatened the wellness of the unborn baby. She was unable to safely take any medicine to control her nausea. She was unable to eat and was losing weight when she should have been gaining. Just as it seemed she was out of the woods, a few weeks before the baby's scheduled arrival Kathee was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism, a serious life threatening condition. Her doctor determined that she could only be treated with an experimental drug. The drug had to be administered by taking several shots per day. The condition required close medical supervis ion and Kathee was forced to make numerous trips to the doctor during these final weeks. Her symptoms of illness and difficulties, along with the anxiety, briefly subsided in the final days before her due date. Kathee was relieved when she went into labor with the realization that it would finally be over. However, she would face even greater anxiety at the hospital. Upon her arrival she found out that her doctor was called out on an emergency and they did not know when to expect him. Her anxiety increased as the on call doctor was unfamiliar with her case and did not want to make a decision. The nursing shortage had left the pediatrics ward short handed and anxiety filled the halls. Since this was her first baby, Kathee did not know what to expect and there was no one except her nervous husband to help her. After being in labor for what seemed like an eternity, her doctor arrived and more problems presented themselves. He prescribed a painkiller [Name] Page 3 Essay 2 that dropped Kathee's blood pressure dangerously low. As her blood pressure dropped, she needed to be connected to a respiration device. When her blood pressure recovered, she was given a labor-inducing drug which did not

Dance Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Dance Critique - Essay Example the dancers illuminated and ground break in their distinctive ways and stunning costumes forming â€Å"The Essential Balanchine† for the opening night making it the most thrilling, transcendent and unforgettable one. Socially, Balanchine put prominence on changing into modern form and get rid of the extremes and embellishments of the dance style used during the 19th Century. Additionally, he revolutionizes and redefines the function and place of the ballerina, offering her a daring, innovative mobility style in addition to a sense of freedom and empowerment. Firstly, the kind of costumes worn by many dancers while performing shows a complete change from those used during the 19th Century and this portrays evolution of the dancing performance to the social life of the audience especially young generations as the American school was commonly comprised of young generation. For example, the three ballets were originally choreographed by Balanchine for the school of American Ballet back in 1930-s to act as a class work for students where they could vigorously practice to perfect their dance performances (Walter, 2001). However, the use of stunning dancing costumes can negatively impact the society su ch that some young generations have grown imitating some of the dancers as their role models in terms of dressing, walking and even talking and this has accelerated the incidences of crime in our society such as raping especially to young girls who are going half naked in towns in the name of imitating a particular dancer or artist. Despite a few dislikes in terms of dance setting, costumes and the message of the various dancing rhythms used by dances among the three Ballets, we cannot assume some of the movement skills used by different dancers while performing on the stage. The use of facial expressions/movements, dance steps, and catches are very interesting and cannot go unnoticed by the

Tort law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Tort law - Essay Example Therefore, duty is an essential element in to establish negligence. The claimant must prove that the defendant had failed to carry out the minimum standard of care in performing his duty. It is also important to prove that the claim for damages had arisen out of that failure to perform such duty. In addition, it has to be proved that the defendant was duty bound to exercise care towards the claimant2. In order, to establish a duty of care, three requirements have to be fulfilled. First, some foreseeable damage should have been caused to the claimant. Second, there should be a closer relationship between the claimant and the defendant that establishes a duty of care. Third, such relationship should be just and reasonable in imposing a duty on the defendant3. The doctrine of duty of care was first developed in Donoghue v Stevenson4. Since then this concept remained unchanged, until the 1970 case of Dorset Yacht v Home Office. In that case, it was held that a duty of care was present, if the damage was predictable5. In Donoghue v Stevenson, the plaintiff’s friend ordered a ginger beer. After she had consumed a portion of the drink, she noticed the remains of a rotten and decomposed snail in the beer. Donoghue fell ill on account of having consumed the contaminated beer, and brought a suit against the defendant, who was the manufacturer of the ginger beer6. Their Lordships opined that the plaintiff had legal grounds for her claim under the existing law. This decision was a landmark decision and became a legal principle in countries following common law. This decision constitutes the basis for the modern legal principles relating to product liability of manufacturers. This principle has been established as tort of negligence in tort law, and applies to all civil wrongs and claims7. In Capro v Dickman an economic loss transpired, on account of the negligent statement made by the defendant.

Asian Tourism Comparison And Effect On Economic Growth Tourism Essay

Asian Tourism Comparison And Effect On Economic Growth Tourism Essay Tourism is one of key industry in the development of some countries in Asia. Malaysia, itself depend on tourism in its nation growth. In Asia, country like Malaysia has benefited a lot from the development of its tourism industry. The developments of tourism in Asia are differing amongst countries. Natural disaster such as air pollution, floods and earthquake will bring an effect on the tourism industry in Asia. There has been previous research regarding to tourism which study the relationship between natural disaster and tourism. In the year of 2010, hazardous flooding in Pakistan has influence its economy growth. Decision-making by tourists on travel plan is influenced by economic, technological, international or political, sociocultural and environmental factors including those directly related to environmental and natural hazards ( Mathieson and Wall, 1993). According to Sinclair and Stabler (1997), the range of goods and services encompassing tourism include natural resources and especially the non-price feature and the positive benefits derived from attractive environment and the negative effect of pollution. Sinclair and Stabler noted that the perceived cost of travel increases by the realization of natural disaster has effect tourism at all. The research by Campos, (1999) stated that there was relationship between tropical cyclone (natural disaster) and the income of hotels (tourism industry), meanwhile Chang (1983) found that hurricane and other natural disaster can decreases revenues to a municipality through reduce tourism revenues, although the increases assistant by Federal Government to the effect area. Comparison and effect of tourism in Asia on the development of economy can be discussed specifically by making comparison between the chosen countries. The countries included on the list of this study were Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Philippines, Indonesia,Thailand, Vietnam, Laos and Cambondia. 1.3.1 Malaysia The research by Mohd Hafiz Hanafiah and Mohd Fauzi Mohd Harun in June 2010 regarding to tourism in Malaysia show that tourism in Malaysia is the third largest industry after oil and automobiles. Malaysian economy will increase due to the increase in tourism sector. Number of tourists visits Malaysia is a major factor which influences the Malaysian economy alone. During Asian Financial Crisis 1997, number of tourists declined and reached a new record after the economic stalemate. There was another research which shows how tourists influence the growth of tourism in some countries. According to Song and Witt (2000), they described tourist products as the amount of tourism demand that the consumers are willing to acquire during a specific period of time and under certain conditions which controlled by the explanatory factors used in the demand equation. Smeral (1988) and Syriopoulos and Sinclair (1993) empirically examined the relationships between the variables underlying the determinants of tourism demand. Lim (1997), Song and Witt (2000) and Song et al. (2003), used econometrics forecasting model to which forecasts changed as a result of changes in the variables that act as economic drivers of tourism. Loeb (1982), Nordstrom (1996), Uysal and Crompton (1982) have used the demand function approach to identify the quantitative relationships of tourism demand. Jorgensen (1996) and Muller (1999) have focus on the statistical properties of an important time serie s, namely on the international tourist demand. 1.3.2 Singapore In Singapore the research analysis on tourism was done by Xianming Meng, Mahinda Siriwardana, Brian Dollery and Stuart Mounter in June 2010 on the impact of the World Financial crisis in 2008 by using CGE analysis. They found that tourism industry is one of the important sectors in Singapore that contribute to the increase in the country economy development. Singapore tourism was greatly effect during the World Financial Crisis in 2008. It shows on Singapore Tourism Board (2009), tourism declined 13.5% in the first half of 2009 compared with the first half of 2008. Blake and Sinclair (2003) used a 98-sector CGE model of the US economy to estimate the impact of 911-event in the absence of any offsetting policy response which is when the fall in the tourism expenditures reduces GDP and it will worsen the government budget and under different policy responses. Blake et al. (2003) use CGE model to analyse the impact of Foot and Mouth decease (FMD) on tourism and the UK economy. From the model it can be consider that there is a fall on the real GDP, declining in exports, increase in BOP deficit and falls in government revenue. 1.3.3 Brunei The research by Kwabena A. Anaman and Chee N. Looi in September 2000 was on Economic impact of haze-related air pollution on the tourism industry in Brunei Darussalam.They found that haze-related air pollution is a major problem why Brunei has a problem on increasing their number of visitors comes to their country. The causes of this problem in Brunei tourism is because of the pollution that happen and country losses about one million to the tourism industry.   The pollution and human health effects tourists to visit Brunei and this will decreased the benefits of Brunei economy. 1.3.4 Philippines In Philippines, study by (October 2000) by P.L. Cadiz and H.P. Calumpong (2000) on the revenues gained from tourism show that Philippines has a potential to increase in the tourism industry especially in Apo Island. According to White and Dobias 1990, the overall cost and benefits of tourism development options showed from a particularly of who is incurring the cost and who is benefiting. They also agree that tourist will visits Philippines because of the beautiful beaches and marine parks. From study of White 1996, the entire island coral reef was declared a marine reserve and a small portion a fish sanctuary in 1986 and this boost the economy growth. 1.3.5 Indonesia Local Economic Impacts of Dragon tourism in Indonesia (2000) by Matthew J. Walpole and Harold J. Goodwin (2000) in their study of Local Economic Impacts of Dragon tourism found that tourism in Indonesia is an important industry to increase Indonesia economy so they can compete with other country. The number of tourists visit Indonesia will be show from the environment of this country. According to Goodwin, Kent, parker and Walpole 1997 and1998, many international tourism emerged rather than industrialize countries. Brohman 1996, believe that tourism industry are increasingly being promoted in rural areas as a means to combat the historic trends of dependency and inequality. From Boo 1992 perspective, ecotourism is increasingly held to embody both sustainable development ideals and conservation. 1.3.6 Thailand The study by Aswin Sangpikul and Ardash Batra (2007) on perpective of Thai Youths regarding to ecotourim found that Thai youths had a general knowledge and experience on ecotourism industry. The study is to decide their knowledge and attitude towards ecotourism as well as to survey their travel experiences relating to ecotourism. From the statement of Walailak University, 1997, they believe that people are regarded as one of the key factors for the success of ecotourism development. The study shows that Thai youths still have a limited knowledge on ecotourism but they understood the meaning of ecotourism.   Thai youths also have a problem to know on how ecotourism can effect on Thailand tourism. Besides, youths on Thailand like to visit places that are maintained and preserved beauty and pureness.From the previous study of Tonekaew, 1998 and Kunarucks, 2000, two concerned parties have been identified to provide more knowledge and promote ecotourism among Thai youths, namely educati onal institutes and government agencies. 1.3.7 Vietnam Professor Malcolm cooper (1998) makes a research about the roles of IT in the development of tourism. He found that IT playing important roles in developing a national tourism industry based on the sustainable development model.   Vietnam is located in both a tropical and a temperate zone. This is because it is a fastest way to inform others about the tourism industry in Vietnam. The study is to compare the information provided by current systems, and managing development while preserving the value of the cultural and physical environment. Besides, Vietnam contributes on the increase in the countrys GDP. Good environment quality leads country to have more tourists visiting Vietnam. 1.3.8 Laos Steven Schipani (2006) study how tourism benefitted Upland Rubber Cultivation in Laos. In the study, he found that Laos tourism will reach a million of tourists arrive over a year. The study of Laoss tourism estimated that visitors are interested in the countrys natural and cultural attractions.   The study of Laos industry is to examine the ecotourism as an alternative to Upland Rubber cultivation in the Nam Ha National protected Area, Luang Namtha. Ecotourism in Luang Namtha generate financial benefits for local people, providing small group for cultural exchange, minimising adverse cultural and environmental impacts and generating public funds for environmental and cultural protection. Ecotourism activities and rubber plantations can both be conducted independently. 1.3.9 Cambodia Kathryn Conway (2008) whom make a research of ecotourism, poverty, and conservation in Prek Toal found that ecotourism revenues can be analyzed using poor subsistence fishing village on Cambodias Tonle sap lake, the conservation organization Osmose to finance poverty intervention programs and promote conservation in a threatened ecosystem. This study is to examine the local perceptions of tourism. According to Valene Smith, shes defines tourism as a temporary and voluntary travel to a place away from home for the purpose of experiencing a change. In Cambodia tourism, the level of general awareness of tourists activities is low in the community wide. Besides there is a limitation on the perceptions of any negative impacts associated with tourism. 1.4 Method and Analysis used by Researcher in The Past Method and the way analysis which has been used by previous researcher are vital in this research and therefore it will bring great advantages in this research especially in chapter 3 which will be discussed later. Mohd Hafiz Hanafiah and Mohd Fauzi Mohd Harun (June 2010) study on Malaysia tourism use Gravity model and economic data to analyse the tourism demand in Malaysia. Xianming Meng, Mahinda Siriwardana, Brian Dollery and Stuart Mounter ( June 2010) study on Singapore tourism use CGE models, data and parameters to estimate the negative effects of the 2008 world Finacial Crisis. Kwabena A. Anaman and Chee N. Looi (Septemver 2000) using OLS regression Model and Linear and log-linear on the visitor and tourist..P.L. Cadiz and H.P. Calumpong (October 2000) study on Philippines tourism used questionnaire to determine the number of tourists visiting Apo Island every month other than monitor the number of visitors diving and snorkelling outside and inside the marine sanctuary. Meanwhile, Matthew J. Walpole and Harold J. Goodwin (2000) study on Indonesia tourism used macroeconomics techniques ,questionnaire and ANOVA test to examine the magnitude and distribution of tourism employment and revenue generation in communities in an Indonesian Park.Aswin Sangpikul and Ardash Batra (2007) study on Thailand tourism used questionnaire and ANOVA test to decide their knowledge and attitude towards ecotourism as well as to survey their travel experiences relating to ecotourism.. Professor Malcolm cooper (1998) study on Vietnam tourism, Steven Schipani (2006) study on Laos tourism use data management and forecasting method. Kathryn Conway (2008) study on Cambodia tourism used fieldwork timeline, translator / assistant, sampling, consent process, data collection and data management  to examine the local perceptions of tourism. 1.5 Conclusion As every of us knew tourism play a big role in the development of economy in some countries. Issue such as natural disaster certainly degrades the growth of tourism in the country and of course economy as well. In this research, the event of how the situation of tourism in some countries in Asia will be used in completing this research successfully. Besides, the method and analysis used by previous researcher will give a big help in this research as it will help the researcher in the formation of questionnaire and other relevant analysis. And this will include how tourist had a strong relationship in the development of tourism economy.

Poverty Eradication Essay -- Global Development

Introduction Poverty eradication has been on the global development agenda since the birth of development itself. Unfortunately for the impoverished, the agenda of the neoliberal and transnational classes are not as concerned with poverty eradication as they are with capital and industry. This means that the needs of the citizens, poor citizens in particular, get put on the back burner in the name of economic growth and free market policy. In Latin America, 40% of the population is categorized as poor, and in Brazil the extreme level of disparity and the states refusal to adequately address it has led to the formation of a Landless Workers Movement which calls itself the MST (Leiva, 2008). The MST believe that agrarian reform and redistribution of wealth and power are the solution for Brazil's poverty woes, and that the current top-down, or trickle down policies are not solutions but are in fact a part of the problem. The purpose of this case study will be to not only get a better understanding of the MST but to also find out how, or even if its results can be duplicated in other third world countries. Identifying the problem the general problem is poverty, but under the surface there are many different elements at work. The driving force behind it all is the most important because identifying and understanding it will make it easier to diagnose, and from the research it is clear that the locomotive behind the poverty in Brazil is capitalism and its sidekick, consumptionism. As most probably already know 20% of the worlds population accounts for over 85% of total private consumption expenditures (UNDP, 1998). In Brazil, 10% of the population owns 75 percent of the nations wealth, to bring it even closer into perspective 0.1% ... .... Fernando Leiva writes, â€Å"Latin American policies on poverty are tricky because they must be designed without being perceived as a threat to the profit rate of domestic conglomerates and transnational capital; they cannot restrict capital mobility, flexible labour markets, or upset stable expectations for investors† (2008). It is against this mighty agenda that the MST fights and yet the MST has proven itself mighty in its own respect, with its ambitious, almost ridiculous demands. But the neoliberal capitalists need for stability and predictability, has been and must continue to be overpowered by the waves of change, if there should be any hope of a poverty free Brazil. As one MST advocate was quoted to have said, â€Å"there can be no progress as long as the demands are being deemed acceptable according to the standards of the establishment† (Branford and Rocha, 2002).